Our public database, the largest of its kind, tracks over 3700 machine learning models from 1950 to today. Explore data and graphs showing the trajectory of AI.

Broadcom’s shipments of TPU by unit volume increased by about 65% quarter over quarter to roughly 800,000 chips, while compute output doubled, driven by a shift to more powerful chips.

The computing power of AI chips sold each quarter has grown about 2.5× per year since 2024, down from a surge in 2023.

Epoch AI measures long-context latency scaling across four frontier models. GPT-5.6 Terra and Sol show quadratic time-to-first-token growth with context length, while Claude Sonnet 5 and Opus 5 stay near-linear.

Since Colossus 1 launched in August 2024, the record for the largest AI data center has doubled every seven months. Epoch AI's breakdown of single-site compute capacity trends through 2028.

We estimated trends in global inference capacity and found that token demand appears to be growing much faster than supply.

OpenAI, Anthropic, and xAI used just 20-30% of global AI compute in 2025, despite launching the AI boom. Epoch AI's analysis of frontier lab compute allocation and growth trajectories through 2027.

We look at reference classes, factory buildout timelines, and upstream component supply to estimate plausible production rates for humanoids, quadrupeds, robotic arms, wheeled robots, and drones.

As of Q4 2025, memory bandwidth across global AI chips has reached roughly 70 million terabytes per second, enough to pass all data stored on the internet into memory in under an hour.

New evidence following the MiniMax and Z.ai IPOs