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Updated Jun. 1, 2026
Paper
Nov. 27, 2023
Newsletter
Jan. 28, 2026
A handful of companies and research labs are responsible for building the most powerful AI systems in the world. Who they are, what they are building, and how they compare is changing fast. Epoch maintains databases and conducts analysis tracking the leading AI labs, their major model releases, compute resources, and workforce, providing a data-driven view of who is shaping the frontier of AI.
But Anthropic and OpenAI may rapidly grow their compute share in the next few years. After that, continued scaling would require an economic transformation.
What might explain AI researcher pay, and why it matters
Our new AI Chip Components explorer tracks how much advanced-node logic, memory, and advanced packaging capacity is consumed by leading AI chip designers.
The $500 billion AI data center initiative is projected to exceed 9 gigawatts of capacity by 2029, with 0.3 gigawatts already operational in Abilene and six more US sites under active construction.
We announce our new AI Chip Owners explorer, showing which companies own the world’s leading AI chips.
A fast increase in go-to-market roles, and hints about upcoming products
Lessons from GPT-5’s economics
No company has gone from $10B to $100B as fast as OpenAI projects to do.
OpenAI has the inference compute to deploy tens of millions of digital workers, but only on a narrow set of tasks – for now.
Our new AI Companies Data Hub tracks key economic and operational data, including frontier AI companies’ revenue, funding, valuations, staff counts, compute spending, and product usage
OpenAI focused on scaling post-training on a smaller model
This Gradient Updates issue explores how much energy ChatGPT uses per query, revealing it's 10x less than common estimates.
Industry emerged as a driving force in AI, but which companies are steering the field? We compare leading AI companies on research impact, training runs, and contributions to algorithmic innovations.