Huawei’s AI data center in Horinger, Inner Mongolia, uses Ascend chips and has an estimated AI computing capacity that is just 7% that of the world’s largest AI data center, SpaceX’s Colossus 2 in Tennessee.

Broadcom’s shipments of TPU by unit volume increased by about 65% quarter over quarter to roughly 800,000 chips, while compute output doubled, driven by a shift to more powerful chips.

A Bayesian model gives the ECI better-justified uncertainty estimates and lets us compare models directly.

17% of biology preprints acknowledge LLM use, nearly matching specialized tools like AlphaFold. Epoch AI analyzes trends in AI acknowledgment in research.

GLM 5.3 turned published-but-unshipped Firefox security fixes into working one-click exploits for six releases, at roughly $1,000 each.

The computing power of AI chips sold each quarter has grown about 2.5× per year since 2024, down from a surge in 2023.

Our explorer uses customs records to estimate national shares. Since 2022, 72% of AI compute has ended up in the US and about 10% in China, including chips China makes itself.

Z.ai’s GLM-5.3 is the top open-weight model on Epoch’s Cyber ECI, scoring where the closed-weight frontier stood 6–7 months earlier.

Months ago, frontier models could barely beat Slay the Spire. Now they win 90%+ at the easiest setting and up to 20% at the hardest. Results from Epoch AI’s new SpireClimb benchmark.

Frontier models can handle well-defined tasks reliably, but fail in the more open-ended aspects that prevent full work automation. Explore Epoch AI's Automation Reports: realistic, open-ended tasks taken directly from our work, manually graded by our own standards.